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Michael Burgund: Illinois; False confessions (2): Convicted of raping two little girls he gets a new trial and his life sentence overturned...Appeal court ruled that the trial judge should have permitted the psychologist to testify about Burgund’s suggestibility, so that the jury could consider whether the confession was real or false..."Medical evidence was also inconclusive, supporting the state’s allegations but also explainable by innocent causes, the decision read. Burgund’s videotaped confession to Alton Police was offered into evidence, as well as statements the children made to their mother and interviewers at the Child Advocacy Center. In his defense, Burgund testified that he never abused the girls and gave a false confession because he had been coerced into doing so by the girls’ mother and was psychologically manipulated into believing he had abused the children. In pretrial rulings, Callis excluded testimony from witnesses who allegedly would have corroborated aspects of his testimony regarding his psychological condition, and from a psychological expert who would have testified that Burgund was “highly suggestible and easily led.”

Next: Darren Cave: Indiana; False confessions (3): Did his disturbed mental state trigger a false confession to murdering his father? Court grapples with this question..."On Tuesday, Clark County Circuit Court No. 1 Judge Andrew Adams listened as Mosley argued that police coerced Cave into making a confession. Jeffersonville Police Department Detective Capt. John Beury testified that he questioned Cave on at least three occasions between Oct. 8 and Oct. 10, 2015. Before the first interview, Beury said, Cave was "not responsive." Beury also said Cave exhibited "behavior that was not normal," prior to questioning, including masturbating while alone in the interview room, an act observed on surveillance camera. "[The interview] ended because he was non-responsive and we had concerns of his mental state," Beury testified. Cave was taken to Clark Memorial Hospital for evaluation. The next day police were called to the hospital after Cave allegedly battered two hospital employees. Police took Cave back to the station for more questioning. Beury said Cave seemed "sedated," but he signed a waiver of rights form. When Beury asked Cave if he killed his father, Cave shook his head "in the affirmative," Beury said. Cave then put his head down and stopped talking. Police brought Cave in for more questioning the next day. He did not sign a waiver of rights form and did not make any admissions, Beury said. Beury and JPD Detective Sgt. Isaac Parker put Cave in a car to take him back to the jail. While in the car, Cave reportedly asked what happened to his father, and Parker explained how Earl Cave was killed. That's when Cave reportedly said, "I stomped him." The conversation was recorded. Police took Cave back to the station, where Cave said "I did it," Beury testified. Cave appeared coherent and oriented during the interview, the officer added. But defense attorney Mosley said that by continuing to converse with Cave in the car, detectives were intentionally trying to coerce a confession."
Previous: Anthony Gray: Maryland: False confessions (1): Reid technique; Yale Law Journal demonstrates how false evidence ploys by police can lead to false confessions and guilty pleas, in an insightful article by Katie Wynbrandt entitled: 'An Unjustified Path To Securing Convictions'..." The Reid Technique is the “most influential and widely used” interrogation protocol in the United States.24 An organization called John E. Reid & Associates developed the method in the mid-twentieth century and has since trained more interrogators than any other organization in the world.25 The Reid Technique is codified in Criminal Interrogation and Confessions (otherwise known as the “Reid Manual”),26 a handbook that is frequently termed “the bible of modern police interrogation training.”27 Over the past several decades,28 the Reid Manual’s approach to interrogation has shaped “nearly every aspect of modern police interrogations, from the setup of the interview room to the behavior of detectives.”29 Detectives’ use of fabricated evidence is no exception. The Reid Manual teaches law enforcement to carry out the false evidence ploy because it is “clearly the most persuasive” interrogation tactic “[w]ithin the area of deception.”30 It instructs detectives to, for example, bring “visual props” into the interview room, including “a DVD disc, CD-ROM, audio tape, a fingerprint card, an evidence bag containing hair or other fibers, spent shell casings, [and] vials of colored liquid.”31 It also announces a “clear position” that “merely introducing fictitious evidence during an interrogation” cannot lead to false admissions of guilt.32 Contradicting decades of social science evidence33 and scores of DNA exonerations,34 the Reid Manual states that “[i]t is absurd to believe that a suspect who knows he did not commit a crime would place greater weight and credibility on alleged evidence than his own knowledge of innocence.”35 The Reid Manual also defends the use of “outright lies concerning the existence of evidence”36 by assuring law enforcement that the practice is legal and “routinely uph[e]ld”37 under the Supreme Court’s “totality of the circumstances” standard."...Frazier’s attorneys made a variety of arguments, including the claim that Frazier’s confession was involuntary because the police falsely told him that they had secured a confession from his companion.41 The Court devoted little space to this claim in its opinion, merely noting, “The fact that the police misrepresented the statements that [Frazier’s companion] had made is, while relevant, insufficient in our view to make this otherwise voluntary confession inadmissible. These cases must be decided by viewing the ‘totality of the circumstances.’”42 In the decades since Frazier was published, lower courts have consistently deployed the opinion as legal cover for far more coercive uses of the false evidence ploy than the fabricated codefendant confession at play in Frazier itself. For example, the North Carolina Supreme Court cited Frazier in support of its decision to uphold a confession generated after police presented the suspect with a bloody knife and falsely asserted that it was found at the scene of the crime with the suspect’s fingerprints on it.43 Lower courts also have cited Frazier in support of decisions to admit confessions obtained after police falsely told a suspect that his fingerprints had been found at the scene of the crime44 or on the murder weapon;45 that they possessed DNA evidence proving his guilt;46 that his hair47 or shoe-prints48 were found at the location of the crime; that his semen was recovered from the crime scene;49 that he failed a polygraph test50 or gunshot residue test;51 and that eyewitnesses identified him as the perpetrator.52 Further examples abound."...".Psychologists have teased out two causal mechanisms by which the false evidence ploy may give rise to false confessions. Both apply with equal force to guilty pleas. First, suspects may falsely confess “as an act of compliance when they perceive that there is strong evidence against them.”55 Second, innocent suspects confronted with evidence that law enforcement claims to prove their guilt as an “incontrovertible fact” may falsely confess because they have “come to internalize the belief that [they] committed the crime without awareness.”56 The key factor underlying each of these psychological processes is the defendant’s perception that his or her likelihood of conviction at trial is high—a perception that has been found to be particularly important in plea decision making."
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STORY: "Man convicted of raping two little girls gets new trial, life sentence overturned," by reporter Elizabeth Donald, published by the Belleville News-Democrat  on November 22, 2016. (Thanks to The Wrongful Convictions Blog for bringing this story to our attention. HL);


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